Proiectul monedei virtuale a Facebook, dinamitat de Comisia Europeană și Consiliul UE: Interdicție de facto pentru Libra

Comisia Europeană și Consiliul UE arată într-o declarație comună că nici o monedă globală de tip ”stablecoin” (o monedă virtuală a cărei valoare s-ar raporta la un coș de valute) nu va fi acceptată pe piața comună până când multiplele riscuri legislative, de reglementare și de securitate nu vor fi identificate și îndepărtate.

Deși nu face referire la Libra, moneda virtuală anunțată de Facebook, declarația comună se referă exact la controversele ridicate de anunțul gigantului american din acest an. Declarația Comisiei și Consiliului citează în raport al G7 și arată că monedele de tip ”stablecoin” nu ar trebui să submineze ordinea financiară și monetară din UE și nici suveranitatea statelor membre.

Comisia Europeană și Consiliul UE arată că, potrivit raportului realizat de experți pentru G7, Libra va punea mari probleme eforturilor autorităților de a lupta împotriva spălării de bani și terorismului, ridicând și probleme precum securitatea cibernetică, taxarea și protecția datelor personale.

Context: Un sfert din firmele intrate inițial în proiect au renunțat la susținerea Libra, printre acestea numărându-se Paypal, Visa și Mastercard. Moneda Libra ar fi urmat să fie controlată și gestionată de către „Libra Association” – un ONG cu sediul în Geneva. Facebook a anunțat în iunie că utilizatorii platformelor sale de socializare și mesagerie – Facebook, WhatsApp și Instagram – vor putea realiza tranzacții cu nouă monedă lansată de gigantul IT.

Cu toate acestea, arbitrii piețelor financiare din Franța și Germania au anunțat că vor bloca Libra din cauza problemelor legate de protecția drepturilor utilizatorilor. În paralel, legislativul american a ridicat probleme similare.

Libra nu va fi o cryptomonedă de tip speculativ, valoarea sa fiind strâns legată de valoarea mai multor monede din lumea reală: dolarul, euro, lira sterlină, francul elvețian și yenul japonez

Citește mai jos comunicatul integral (lb. engleză):

Joint statement by the Council and the Commission on „stablecoins”

„1. Technological innovation can produce great economic benefits for the financial sector, promoting competition and financial inclusion, broadening consumer choice, increasing efficiency and delivering cost savings for financial institutions and the economy at large.

2. So-called „stablecoins” may present opportunities in terms of cheap and fast payments, especially cross-border payments. At the same time, these arrangements pose multifaceted challenges and risks related for example to consumer protection, privacy, taxation, cyber security and operational resilience, money laundering, terrorism financing, market integrity, governance and legal certainty. When a „stablecoin” initiative has the potential to reach a global scale, these concerns are likely to be amplified and new potential risks to monetary sovereignty, monetary policy, the safety and efficiency of payment systems, financial stability, and fair competition can arise.

3. As underlined by the recent report of the G7 working group dedicated to these issues, global „stablecoin” projects and arrangements should not come into operation until all of these risks and concerns are properly addressed. We reaffirm our willingness to appropriately tackle the challenges raised by these initiatives on the basis of an EU common understanding and coordinated approach. These initiatives should not undermine existing financial and monetary order as well as monetary sovereignty in the European Union.

4. There is a need to ensure legal clarity about the status of „stablecoin” arrangements. Some recent projects of global dimension have provided insufficient information on how precisely they intend to manage risks and operate their business. This lack of adequate information makes it very difficult to reach definitive conclusions on whether and how the existing EU regulatory framework applies. Entities that intend to issue „stablecoins”, or carry out other activities involving „stablecoins” in the EU should provide full and adequate information urgently to allow for a proper assessment against the applicable existing rules.

5. Tackling the challenges raised by „global stablecoins” requires a coordinated global response. The risks raised by „stablecoin” arrangements should be subject to clear and proportionate regulatory and oversight frameworks, established on a sound evidence base and based on general principles and applicable to all „stablecoin” arrangements. Consistent with the global response, the Council and the Commission are willing to act swiftly, in cooperation with the ECB and with national and European Supervisory Authorities. This approach should include consultation and development of the evidence base as precursors to potentially developing new legislation for a common EU approach to crypto-assets, including „stablecoins”. While the Council and the Commission are committed to put in place a framework that will harness the potential opportunities that crypto-assets may offer, we acknowledge the risks that some present. The Council and the Commission are prepared to take all necessary measures to ensure appropriate standards of consumer protection and orderly monetary and financial conditions. All options should be on the table, including any measures to prevent the creation of unmanageable risks by certain global „stablecoins”.

6. In view of the above, the Council and the Commission state that no global „stablecoin” arrangement should begin operation in the European Union until the legal, regulatory and oversight challenges and risks have been adequately identified and addressed.

7. The emergence of „stablecoin” initiatives highlight the importance of continuous improvements to payment arrangements in order to meet market and consumer expectations for convenient, fast, efficient and inexpensive payments – especially cross-border. While European payment systems have already made significant progress, European payment actors, including payment services providers, also have a key role to play in this respect. We note that the ECB and other central banks and national competent authorities will explore further the ongoing digital transformation of the payment system and, in particular, the consequences of initiatives such as „stablecoins”. We welcome that central banks in cooperation with other relevant authorities continue to assess the costs and benefits of central bank digital currencies as well as engage with European payment actors regarding the role of the private sector in meeting expectations for efficient, fast and inexpensive cross-border payments.”

Foto: Facebook / Libra